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The scrotum is a skin sac containing the testis, epididymis and part of vas deferens. It eliminates the effect of intraabdominal pressure on the testis and influences the temperature conditions of spermatogenesis. The scrotum is situated under the pubic bone behind the radix penis. Its wall is composed of layers that had differentiated in connection with the descent of testes and they correspond to the layering of the abdominal wall.

The skin of the scrotum is thin, pigmented, and contains large sebaceous glands, numerous sweat glands and strong thin hairs. In the medial line, a skin raphe is formed (raphae scroti). Deep inside, there is a corresponding fibrous septum dividing the scrotum into two parts. The smooth musculature in the subcutis is the base for tunica dartos scroti, whose tonus influences the degree of folding of the skin in the scrotum

The scrotum is crossed by the vas deferens accompanied with vessels and nerves, which together form the seminal cord (funiculus spermaticus). The seminal cord traverses the scrotum from the lower pole to the entry into the inguinal canal.

The scrotum regulates the testis temperature. For normal development of spermatozoa it is necessary to maintain its temperature at minimally 2°C lower than the body temperature. The main role is played by tunica dartos, whose muscle cells at the ambient lower temperature contract and thus the skin of the scrotum folds, the testis moves closer to the perineum (heat source), the contraction at the same time closes the vessels in the skin and the output of heat decreases. When the ambient temperature increases, tunica dartos relaxes, the testis sinks from the perineum, the vascular network enlarges and the output of heat increases.