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Prophylactic examination

Please book for prophylactic urological, andrological or uro-onkological examination.

Contact

Na Valech 4/289, 160 00, Prague 6 - Hradcany, Phone +420-233 325 636.

Causes

How do the bacteria get to the urinary tract?

By far most frequently, the bacteria penetrate into the urinary tract by an ascending way from the reservoir of intestinal bacteria from the terminal part of the colon. The infection starts by colonization of the preputial sac, the bacteria then penetrate through the urethra and settle in the bladder, rarely in the kidneys.

Blood (hematogenous) and lymph (lymphogenous) infections are among rare agents of urinary tract infections. Almost exclusively, these are infections of the upper urinary tract.

During direct spread (per continuitatem), the most frequent source of infection is the gut. This way is facilitated by pathologic intestinal processes - Crohn disease, intestinal tumors, etc. When fistulae are formed (communications between the gut and the urinary tract), there is logically spread of fecal bacteria into the urinary tract, and the risk of urosepsis thus increases.

Risk factors for the occurrence of urinary infection

  • Diseases that contribute to the occurrence of urinary infection - vesicoureterorenal reflux (VUR) of all degrees, obstruction of the urine outlet of any origin (constriction of the urethra, enlarged prostate), neurogenic bladder, residual urine in the bladder.
  • Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) - the frequency of urinary tract infections in diabetics is directly related to the concentration of glucose in urine
  • Pregnancy - one of the reasons is oppression, generally of the right ureter, by the foetus and ectasis of the renal pelvis-calix system of the kidney on the same side, which is at the same time enhanced by gestagens (hormones). In higher degrees of pregnancy the oppression of the bladder increases and its functional capacity decreases. In the majority of pregnant women the pH of urine is significantly alkaline.
  • Condition after instrumentation - significantly increases the risk of infection, condition after introduction of catheters, manipulations of the urinary tract or introduction of exogenous objects.
  • Unprotected anal intercourse, phimosis (constriction of prepuce), sexually transmitted infections