Androgeos.cz

The ureter is a 25-30 cm long and 7 mm thick tube provided with musculature. It starts in the renal pelvis and descends through the retroperitoneal space into the pelvis, where it ends in the urinary bladder. It crosses the bladder wall in a length of 2 cm. The outlet in the bladder forms a slit that opens only during the passage of the urinary spindle. This organization prevents the return of urine into the ureter and kidney.

During its passage through the retroperitoneal space, the ureter lies on the anterior area of m. psoas major and crosses this muscle diagonally. Then, it bends over the margin of the lower pelvis and crosses first its wall, where it lifts the peritoneal fold and turns towards the base of the bladder, running towards it from above and from the side. The ureter is fixed to the peritoneum more strongly than to other organs. The lumen of the ureter is physiologically constricted in three places. The first constriction is situated at its outlet from the renal pelvis, the other at the crossing of iliac veins and the third in the bladder wall.